These reading examples use common substitute chords, especially pre-dominant chords such as ii, iii, and vi. Playing these richer harmonies often requires finger substitutions to maintain a smooth line and comfortable technique.

For each example:

• Identify the key and starting hand position.
• Notice where the pre-dominant chord substitutions occur.
• Scan the example for intervals, patterns, articulations, dynamics, and tempo.
• Establish a tempo and play without looking at your hands.

Sample Reading
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